The Sanitary Engineering Licensure Examination in the Philippines assesses an engineer’s proficiency in various fields, including Surveying and Geodesy, which is crucial for planning and constructing water supply systems, sewerage networks, and drainage facilities. A solid understanding of surveying principles, measurement techniques, and mapping methods ensures the accuracy and efficiency of infrastructure projects.
1. Techniques and Instruments Used in Surveying
Surveying involves the use of advanced instruments such as total stations, theodolites, GPS receivers, and leveling equipment to gather precise data. Sanitary engineers must be familiar with different surveying techniques, including traverse, triangulation, and leveling, which help in site selection and layout planning for water and wastewater infrastructure.
2. Measurement of Distances, Angles, and Elevations
Accurate distance, angle, and elevation measurements are essential in designing pipelines, treatment plants, and drainage systems. Exam topics may include chain surveying, electronic distance measurement (EDM), trigonometric leveling, and differential leveling. Understanding these concepts ensures proper gradient calculations for water flow and sewer line alignment.
3. Topographic and Construction Surveying
Topographic surveying helps in mapping land features, determining elevation contours, and assessing site suitability for sanitation projects. Construction surveying focuses on staking out reference points, checking alignment, and ensuring compliance with design specifications. These techniques are vital for laying out water treatment plants, sewerage systems, and flood control structures with precision.
SANITARY ENGINEER REVIEWER
Welcome to our Sanitary Engineer Reviewer. In this session, you'll have the opportunity to test your understanding of key concepts in Surveying and Geodesy. The quiz consists of multiple-choice questions covering various topics. Pay close attention to each question and select the best answer. After completing the exam, check the video or the answer key and explanations at the last part.
Techniques and Instruments Used in Surveying
1. Which of the following instruments is primarily used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles in surveying?
A. Theodolite
B. Leveling rod
C. Total station
D. GPS receiver
2. What is the main advantage of using a total station in surveying?
A. It eliminates the need for leveling
B. It can only measure distances, not angles
C. It combines angle and distance measurements with electronic data recording
D. It does not require a tripod
3. Which type of survey is used for determining property boundaries?
A. Topographic survey
B. Hydrographic survey
C. Cadastral survey
D. Geodetic survey
4. Which instrument is commonly used in hydrographic surveys to measure water depth?
A. Digital level
B. Sonar (Echo sounder)
C. Gyroscope
D. Plumb bob
5. What is the purpose of a benchmark in surveying?
A. To serve as a reference point with a known elevation
B. To indicate the property boundaries of a site
C. To assist in angle measurements
D. To record rainfall data
6. Which surveying technique is most suitable for establishing control points over large areas using satellites?
A. Traverse surveying
B. Aerial photogrammetry
C. GPS surveying
D. Chain surveying
7. What type of survey accounts for the curvature of the Earth?
A. Plane surveying
B. Geodetic surveying
C. Hydrographic surveying
D. Topographic surveying
8. Which of the following is NOT a type of surveying method?
A. Plane surveying
B. Geodetic surveying
C. Orbital surveying
D. Topographic surveying
9. Which of the following is a common cause of systematic errors in surveying?
A. Human mistakes in reading measurements
B. Instrumental defects
C. Unpredictable environmental changes
D. Accidental disturbances
10. Which method of surveying is most appropriate for mapping large-scale land developments such as highways?
A. Chain surveying
B. Traverse surveying
C. Compass surveying
D. Photogrammetric surveying
Measurement of Distances, Angles, and Elevations
11. Which of the following methods is used to measure horizontal distances in surveying?
A. Taping
B. Leveling
C. Triangulation
D. Stadia method
12. Which principle is used in triangulation surveying?
A. Pythagorean theorem
B. Law of Sines
C. Newton’s law
D. Archimedes’ principle
13. In leveling, what is the term for the difference in elevation between two points?
A. Backsight
B. Height of instrument
C. Reduced level
D. Elevation difference
14. Which type of error occurs due to refraction in the atmosphere?
A. Instrumental error
B. Systematic error
C. Natural error
D. Random error
15. What is the standard length of a surveying tape measure used in metric surveying?
A. 10 m
B. 20 m
C. 30 m
D. 50 m
16. Which method is most accurate for measuring very long distances in surveying?
A. Direct taping
B. Pacing
C. Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)
D. Odometer wheel
17. What is the purpose of a backsight reading in leveling?
A. To determine the starting reference elevation
B. To measure the horizontal distance
C. To calculate horizontal angles
D. To establish a new benchmark
18. What is the main function of a plumb bob in surveying?
A. To measure horizontal distances
B. To ensure vertical alignment
C. To determine angular deflection
D. To measure slope angles
19. Which angle measurement is used in transit surveying?
A. Zenith angle
B. Bearing angle
C. Deflection angle
D. Horizontal angle
20. What is the term for a leveling error caused by the curvature of the Earth?
A. Instrumental error
B. Collimation error
C. Earth curvature error
D. Human error
Topographic and Construction Surveying
21. What is the primary purpose of a topographic survey?
A. To determine property boundaries
B. To measure the elevation and features of the land
C. To locate underground utilities
D. To establish construction site layouts
22. Which of the following instruments is most commonly used in topographic surveys to measure elevation differences?
A. Theodolite
B. Dumpy level
C. Total station
D. GPS receiver
23. In a contour map, what does it mean when contour lines are spaced very close together?
A. The land has a steep slope
B. The land is perfectly flat
C. The land is underwater
D. The land has no elevation changes
24. Which surveying method is commonly used in construction projects to ensure proper alignment and elevation?
A. Topographic surveying
B. Traversing
C. Construction surveying
D. Hydrographic surveying
25. What is the primary purpose of a grade stake in construction surveying?
A. To mark underground utilities
B. To indicate elevation and slope on-site
C. To measure angles
D. To calculate distances
26. Which type of survey is used to determine if a construction site is level before beginning foundation work?
A. Boundary survey
B. Control survey
C. Rough grading survey
D. Final grading survey
27. What type of benchmarks are used as permanent reference points in construction surveys?
A. Temporary benchmarks
B. Arbitrary benchmarks
C. Fixed benchmarks
D. Floating benchmarks
28. Which construction survey is conducted after the completion of a project to verify that it meets design specifications?
A. Preliminary survey
B. As-built survey
C. Site reconnaissance survey
D. Route survey
29. What is the primary concern of cut and fill calculations in construction surveying?
A. Determining property ownership
B. Ensuring safety regulations are met
C. Balancing the volume of excavated and filled earth
D. Identifying underground utilities
30. What type of leveling is used in construction to transfer elevation from a known point to another location?
A. Trigonometric leveling
B. Differential leveling
C. Reciprocal leveling
D. Profile leveling
ANSWER KEY HERE