1. Fundamentals of Structural Analysis
A strong foundation in statics, dynamics, and strength of materials is essential. Statics deals with equilibrium conditions of structures under various loads, ensuring stability. Dynamics covers the behavior of structures under moving loads and external forces, including vibrations and seismic effects. Strength of materials focuses on stress-strain relationships, load-bearing capacities, and material properties crucial for designing durable structures.
2. Design of Structural Components
This section emphasizes the design of beams, columns, and trusses—fundamental elements in any construction. Beams are analyzed for bending, shear, and deflection to ensure they withstand loads effectively. Columns are designed to resist axial and lateral forces while preventing buckling. Trusses, commonly used in bridges and roofs, are studied for their ability to transfer loads efficiently through triangular configurations.
3. Principles of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Structures
Knowledge of reinforced concrete design includes material behavior, load distribution, and code-compliant reinforcement detailing. Steel structure design covers structural framing, bolted and welded connections, and stability considerations in high-rise buildings and bridges. Understanding these principles ensures engineers can design safe and cost-effective structures.
By mastering these topics, examinees can confidently tackle structural analysis and design questions in the Sanitary Engineering Board Exam, ensuring they are well-prepared for professional practice.
SANITARY ENGINEER REVIEWER
Welcome to our Sanitary Engineer Reviewer. In this session, you'll have the opportunity to test your understanding of key concepts in Structural Analysis and Design. The quiz consists of multiple-choice questions covering various topics. Pay close attention to each question and select the best answer. After completing the exam, check the video or the answer key and explanations at the last part.
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis
1. In structural analysis, what is the sum of forces in a static equilibrium system?
A. Zero
B. Equal to the moment
C. Equal to the applied force
D. Infinity
2. What is the modulus of elasticity (E) of concrete commonly used in reinforced concrete design?
A. 21,000 MPa
B. 2,100 MPa
C. 200,000 MPa
D. 1,000 MPa
3. A simply supported beam carries a uniform load. Where does the maximum bending moment occur?
A. At the support
B. At midspan
C. At one-third the length
D. At quarter-span
4. What is the main purpose of using shear reinforcement in beams?
A. To resist tensile stresses
B. To reduce bending moment
C. To prevent shear failure
D. To increase stiffness
5. The moment of inertia (I) is a measure of:
A. Shear stress
B. Bending resistance
C. Axial force capacity
D. Slenderness ratio
6. What is the primary factor affecting deflection in beams?
A. Modulus of elasticity
B. Shear force
C. Load duration
D. Density of material
7. The centroid of a rectangular section is located at:
A. The topmost edge
B. The bottommost edge
C. The geometric center
D. The midpoint of the base
8. A structure is statically determinate if:
A. The number of reactions equals the number of equilibrium equations
B. The bending moment is zero everywhere
C. The structure has at least one redundant support
D. The structure has no external loads
9. What is the standard unit of stress in the SI system?
A. Newton
B. Pascal
C. Joule
D. Watt
10. The effective length of a column depends on:
A. Load type
B. End conditions
C. Column diameter
D. Material strength
Design of Structural Elements
11. The purpose of stirrups in reinforced concrete beams is to:
A. Provide bending resistance
B. Resist shear forces
C. Reduce column buckling
D. Increase ductility
12. A truss structure is considered stable if:
A. It has fewer than three supports
B. The number of members follows the rule m = 2j - 3
C. All joints are fixed
D. The deflection is zero
13. In column design, the slenderness ratio affects:
A. Shear strength
B. Bending moment
C. Buckling capacity
D. Tensile strength
14. The primary material used in steel reinforcement for concrete is:
A. Stainless steel
B. Carbon steel
C. Aluminum
D. Copper
15. A column fails due to excessive:
A. Shear stress
B. Buckling
C. Bending moment
D. Torsion
Principles of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Structures
16. The nominal cover in reinforced concrete is provided to:
A. Improve load distribution
B. Protect reinforcement from corrosion
C. Reduce shrinkage
D. Increase flexural strength
17. The allowable stress design (ASD) method ensures:
A. Safety by applying factors of safety
B. Strength by using ultimate loads
C. Elastic behavior of materials
D. Zero deformation
18. A beam is considered under-reinforced if:
A. It has excessive reinforcement
B. It fails by concrete crushing
C. It has reinforcement below balanced conditions
D. The stirrups exceed shear demand
19. The primary function of steel reinforcement in concrete structures is to:
A. Withstand tensile forces
B. Provide shear resistance
C. Reduce deflection
D. Increase compressive strength
20. In reinforced concrete design, the balanced reinforcement ratio means:
A. The failure occurs by crushing of concrete and yielding of steel simultaneously
B. The structure has no reinforcement
C. The reinforcement exceeds the design limit
D. The concrete fails before steel yields
21. The primary reason for using doubly reinforced beams is:
A. To increase shear strength
B. To resist high moments in limited depth
C. To reduce deflections completely
D. To enhance column interaction
22. What is the function of transverse reinforcement in columns?
A. Increase axial capacity
B. Improve lateral stability
C. Confine concrete and prevent buckling of longitudinal bars
D. Reduce torsional effects
23. In steel structures, lateral-torsional buckling occurs in:
A. Short columns
B. Long beams under bending
C. Axially loaded members
D. Shear walls
24. Which of the following is a failure mode in reinforced concrete beams?
A. Yielding of reinforcement
B. Crushing of concrete in compression
C. Shear failure due to diagonal cracks
D. All of the above
25. A fully fixed beam will have how many reaction components?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
26. What is the main reason for using composite beams in steel structures?
A. Reduce self-weight
B. Improve corrosion resistance
C. Increase load-bearing capacity by utilizing both steel and concrete
D. Allow for easier connections
27. When designing foundations for sanitary structures, what type of load is most critical?
A. Wind load
B. Earthquake load
C. Hydrostatic uplift
D. Temperature load
28. What is the primary concern in designing water-retaining structures?
A. Shear capacity
B. Crack control to prevent leakage
C. Bending strength
D. Fatigue resistance
29. In earthquake-resistant design, ductility is crucial because:
A. It prevents elastic deformation
B. It allows structures to absorb and dissipate energy
C. It reduces self-weight of the structure
D. It eliminates the need for reinforcement
30. The term “serviceability limit state” in structural design refers to:
A. The structure's ability to carry ultimate loads
B. The structure's performance under normal operating conditions without excessive deflection or cracking
C. The failure point of materials used
D. The moment when reinforcement begins yielding
ANSWER KEY HERE